Understanding how the learning brain functions enables us to re-evaluate and improve our approaches to teaching and studying. While attending classes provides foundational knowledge and direct interaction with instructors, studying independently is equally—if not more—crucial for deep learning and long-term retention. However, neuroscience has revealed that not all study strategies are created equal, and some traditional methods may even hinder your learning process despite being used for generations.

To help guide you toward more effective learning, here are three common mistakes to avoid when you’re in study mode.